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Theresa Bass
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Subject:\[EXTERNAL\] School lawsuits over social media harm face tough legal road
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01-22-2023
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School lawsuits over social media harm face tough legal road
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https://lasvegassun.com/news/2023/jan/10/school-lawsuits-over-social-media-harm-face-
tough/#.Y8zxYFt3MeA.gmail
The Youtube, left, and Snapchat apps are seen on a mobile device in New York, on Aug.
9, 2017. The big U.S. social media companies are now facing lawsuits brought by public
entities that seek to hold them to account for a huge societal problem — in their case,
the mental health crisis among youth. But the new lawsuits — one by the public school
district in Seattle last week, with a second filed by a suburban district on Monday, Jan.
9, 2023, and almost certainly more to come — face an uncertain legal road.
The Youtube, left, and Snapchat apps are seen on a mobile device in New York, on Aug.
9, 2017. The big U.S. social media companies are now facing lawsuits brought by public
entities that seek to hold them to account for a huge societal problem — in their case,
the mental health crisis among youth. But the new lawsuits — one by the public school
district in Seattle last week, with a second filed by a suburban district on Monday, Jan.
9, 2023, and almost certainly more to come — face an uncertain legal road.
By Gene Johnson, Associated Press
Tuesday, Jan. 10, 2023 | 11:04 p.m.
SEATTLE — Like the tobacco, oil, gun, opioid and vaping industries before them, the big
U.S. social media companies are now facing lawsuits brought by public entities that seek
to hold them accountable for a huge societal problem — in their case, the mental health
crisis among youth.
But the new lawsuits — one by the public school district in Seattle last week, with a
second filed by a suburban district on Monday and almost certainly more to come — face
an uncertain legal road.
The U.S. Supreme Court is scheduled to hear arguments next month over the extent to
which federal law protects the tech industry from such claims when social media
algorithms push potentially harmful content.
Even if the high court were to clear the way for lawsuits like Seattle's, the district has a
daunting challenge in proving the industry's liability.
And the tech industry insists there are many ways social media's effects on teen mental
health differ from, say, big pharma's role in pushing opioid addiction.
“The underlying argument is that the tech industry is to blame for the emotional state of
teenagers, because they made recommendations on content that has caused emotional
harm,” said Carl Szabo, vice president and general counsel of the tech industry trade
association NetChoice. “It would be absurd to sue Barnes & Noble because an employee
recommended a book that caused emotional harm or made a teenager feel bad. But
that's exactly what this lawsuit is doing.”
Seattle Public Schools on Friday sued the tech giants behind TikTok, Instagram,
Facebook, YouTube and Snapchat, alleging they have created a public nuisance by
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targeting their products to children. The Kent School District south of Seattle followed
suit on Monday.
The districts blame the companies for worsening mental health and behavioral disorders
including anxiety, depression, disordered eating and cyberbullying; making it more
difficult to educate students; and forcing schools to take steps such as hiring additional
mental health professionals, developing lesson plans about the effects of social media
and providing additional training to teachers.
“Our students — and young people everywhere — face unprecedented learning and life
struggles that are amplified by the negative impacts of increased screen time, unfiltered
content, and potentially addictive properties of social media,” Seattle Superintendent
Brent Jones said in an emailed statement Tuesday. “We are confident and hopeful that
this lawsuit is a significant step toward reversing this trend for our students.”
Federal law — Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act of 1996 — helps protect
online companies from liability arising from what third-party users post on their
platforms. But the lawsuits argue the provision, which predates all the social media
platforms, does not protect the tech giants’ behavior in this case, where their own
algorithms promote harmful content.
That's also the issue in Gonzalez v. Google, the parent company of YouTube, set for
argument at the Supreme Court on Feb. 21. In that case, the family of an American
woman killed in an Islamic State group attack in Paris in 2015 alleges that YouTube's
algorithms aided the terror group's recruitment.
If the high court's decision makes clear that tech companies can be held liable in such
cases, the school districts will still have to show that social media was in fact to blame.
Seattle's lawsuit says that from 2009 to 2019, there was on average a 30% increase in
the number of its students who reported feeling “so sad or hopeless almost every day for
two weeks or more in a row” that they stopped doing some typical activities.
But Szabo pointed out that Seattle's graduation rates have been on the rise since 2019,
during a time when many kids relied on social media to keep in touch with their friends
throughout the pandemic. If social media were truly so harmful to the district's
educational efforts, the graduation rate wouldn't be rising, he suggested.
“The complaint focuses on only how social media harms kids, and there might be
evidence of that,” said Eric Goldman, a professor at Santa Clara University School of Law
in Silicon Valley. “But there’s also a lot of evidence that social media benefits teenagers
and other kids. What we don’t know is what the distress rate would look like without
social media. It’s possible the distress rate would be higher, not lower.”
The companies have insisted that they take the safety of their users, especially kids,
seriously, and they have introduced tools to make it easier for parents to know whom
their children are contacting; made mental health resources, including the new 988 crisis
hotline, more prominent; and improved age verification and screen time limits.
“We automatically set teens’ accounts to private when they join Instagram, and we send
notifications encouraging them to take regular breaks," Anitigone Davis, Meta's global
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head of safety, said in an emailed statement. “We don’t allow content that promotes
suicide, self-harm or eating disorders, and of the content we remove or take action on,
we identify over 99% of it before it’s reported to us.”
Even if social media benefits some students, that doesn't erase the serious harms to
many others, said Josh Golin, executive director of Fairplay for Kids, a nonprofit working
to insulate children from commercialization and marketing.
“The mental health costs to students, the amount of time schools have to spend
monitoring and responding to social media drama, is exorbitant,” Golin said. “It is
ridiculous that schools are responsible for the damages caused by these social media
platforms to young people. Nobody is seeing the kinds of cumulative effects that social
media is causing to the extent school districts are.”
Both cases were filed in U.S. District Court in Seattle, but they are based on state public
nuisance law — a broad, vaguely defined legal concept whose origins date back at least
to 13th century England. In Washington, public nuisance is defined, in part, as “every act
unlawfully done and every omission to perform a duty” which “shall annoy, injure or
endanger the safety, health, comfort, or repose of any considerable number of persons.”
Most famously, public nuisance claims helped prompt the tobacco industry’s $246 billion,
25-year settlement with the states in 1998. But public nuisance law also has been at
least part of the basis for litigation by state, city, county or tribal governments seeking
to hold oil companies responsible for climate change, the gun industry for gun violence,
the pharmaceutical industry for the opioid crisis and vaping companies like Juul for teen
vaping.
Much of that litigation is ongoing. Juul Labs last month agreed to settle thousands of
lawsuits — including 1,400 from school districts, cities and counties — for a reported
$1.2 billion.
Such litigation has the potential to enact massive change, but it also prompts questions
about the appropriateness of addressing big societal issues in court rather than through
the lawmaking process.
Jolina Cuaresma, senior counsel for privacy and tech policy at Common Sense Media,
which aims to make media safer for children, said she was thrilled to see a school
district make a public nuisance claim against the tech companies.
“Folks have become tired waiting for Congress to do something,” she said.
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