PC 2017/01/09-RSCEOC Presentation_Organic Waste to Energy Research & ImpactsQ
Anaheim Organic
Waste to Energy
Research & Impacts
"Consulted summarized
United Kingdom Gov't data on
anaerobic digestion"
"Greater experience base
than the US"
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
Anaerobic Digestion Strategy and Action Plan
Annual Report 2014
February 2015
Contents
Ministanal Foreword. ...... ........ — . ...... .. ......................... . I
Summary 2
Highlights of the Year.... ..... . ... ........ .................... ... ........... .... ... 3
Section 1 - Improving our Understanding of the Anaerobic Digestion Landscape A
Socton 2 - BLolding UK SkiNs . - . - . ... ........ ...... . ...... ... _ ____8
Section 3 Budding Safe and Secure Markets for Digestate. .. 1... — 1... 10
Section 4 - Raising Awareness of Anaerobic Digestion — Community Anaerobic
Dgestion, and Loc;wistri - _.... --.1-1 ........ 1-1-11--.1-1 ........ —A3
Section 5 - Building Markets for Biorneftne for Tran-soort Fuvls 14
Sectvi 6 - Aiiaerobw DWstion in the Rural Communwi, 1 111.. 16
Section 7 - Finance, 18
Sectort 8 - Regulation, —19
Appendix A - Anaerobic Digasuon Fortin Terms of Reference,,. 22
l6s-id6nts .1 for or I a 11 S q afe , a nd , Clean lean , Environment - I Orange County R . SC - E C
Growth of AD Plants in Great Britain &Estimated Input
Tonnages
Year on Year Operation of AD Plants in the UK
1)d?
IUS Commercial Scale Food Waste AD
Plants Begin 2009
I
r. [fin r ae rrt
6Q A n9LtV5Uhi1 I(»ewYY
I
m Indrtstnal
■[k-mmtAtraiiUrt jRtCf1)
40
■Conmreseial
i
t
10 ■
i
Estimates of UK AD Input Tonnages
1,690,000 Tons
820,000
L 30.tX1 ■ Commercia l
Demonstration
`a
'� Industrial
' on-farm
260,000
870.000
10.000
2012
2,550,000 Tons
w,00()
2013
5
Evaluated relevant UK data because of the following
Europe commercial scale organic waste AD facilities
Implemented much earlier than in the US
Provides historical knowledge base for evaluating
AD processing from real world experience
Provides a reasonable basis for evaluating proposed
AD facilities in the US.
Residents for a Safe and Clean Environment Orange County (RSCEOC)
6
M;i UK Lessons Learned Highlights 71
"Technical Competence and Training is Essential"
Training requirements significantly more developed than in the US
- "Operators of permitted AD facilities must demonstrate they are
competent."
- "Managers are tested every two years and the competence management
system is audited every year"
Skills matrix comprising 22 training standards to identify training needs."
- Includes: Site biosecurity
A level two diploma for AD operators has been developed by the waste
management industry training and advisory board" Nin the UK
Residents for a Safe and Clean Environment Orange County (RSCEOC)
Pollution from UK AD Plants Remains a Serious Concern
"The latest data (2013) showed biowaste treatment permit compliance was
still the poorest of the waste sectors"
"AD permit compliance was only marginally better than composting"
While the incidents & poor compliance continue to occur, "they undermine
public and investor confidence"
Residents for a Safe and Clean Environment Orange County (RSCEOC)
Oct 2015 US Anaerobic Digestion
University of Chicago Argonne Laboratory a US Departm --`
Office of Science Laboratory. This work was sponsored by -the-
California
f eCalifornia Energy Commission.
susrA)r✓ntaa�. AND aeMrvaawt Mu(M wu;.slnrmr4 euneuai.
Current State of Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Wastes
in North America
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Residents for a Safe and Clean Environment Orange County (RSCEOC)
9
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Residents for a Safe and Clean Environment Orange County (RSCEOC)
'o Spreadsheet of AD facilities using food wastes in North
America listed in study
Table 2 Anaerobic digesters using food wastes in North America
Facility natne/locanon
Completion date
Feedstocks
CuPacity
Biogas end use
Digeawte end use
AD technology
Reference
Tem Waaar. F.m:rgy San lace, CA
Decemher 2013
Organic waste
90.0on T'PY
Electricity 0.6 MW)
C -1—t (34AM TPY)
LISAD
[35]
Monterey Regional Waite Management
February 2013
Organic waste
5000MY
Clip (loll kW)
Compost (2200 TPY)
SMARTFERM HSAD
[351
District -Manua, CA
SSF Scavenger, South San
3n( quarter 2014
Food waste/
11,200 TPY
CNO (+100,0(0 DGE/year)
Compost (5000 TPY)
SMARTFERM HSAD
[35]
Food-, CA
g— nate
Harvest Energy Garden,
Autumn 2013
C'omtttcrciW Pond
'120.000 TPY
7 MW Clip (3.2 MW
Fenilim(50f10 MTMLSAD
[581
Orlando, FL
..wand b—fidsckc(riuul,
38 MW theorah
Harvest Energy Garden,
Aununn 2012
Food wast /yard waste
40,000 TPY
2 2 M W CHP (i.l MW
Compost (5000 MTPY)
HSAD
[58]
Richmond, BC
electrical' I.I MW thermal)
11—cat Energy Gan4n,
Aummn 2012
Cmmnemial fond waste
I00,()0 TPY
5.7 MW CHP (28 M W
Granular fmili—
LSAD
[5g]
London ON
electrical, 2,9 MW tlnmmal)
(5206 MTPY)
Sucounenm BioOigester,
2013
Organic waste
40,000 TPY
CNG It, 000 DGFlycar)
Liquid feadizer
3 -stage HSAD
[53]
Sacramento, CA
(10 million g llyear)
UC -Davis READ, Davis,CA
2014
Food waste/manure
20,000 TPY
Electricity (5.6 GWh)
Liquid fertilizer
3 -stage HSAD
[53]
(4 million g.Uyc.)l
soil amendmen ts
m
Aerican River Packaging,
2012
Food waste/c odlhuanPahm
2900 TPY
Ekecnicity (1300 kWhIday)
Soil amendment
]-stage HSAD
[53]
Sacramento, CA
(1000 TPY)
Jordan Dairy Farm, Rutland, MA
2011
25 % manurel75 % food
15,148 wet TPY
C14P (300 kWh)
Soil amendment
Quavar'a LSAD
[4g, 49]
waste
(8600 yds^3/y—)
Biomass AD Power Facility,
2013
Mixed organics
40,150wct'IPY
Electricity (1000 kWh)
Fertilizeraltcmativc
Quusary LSAD
[48]
BuOilo, NY
Wheatfiekl AD, Wb-ftld,
2013
Mixed organics
40,150 wet TPY
Electricity (1000 kWh)
Fertilizer alterative
Quasar's LSAD
[48]
New York
Biomass AD Pincer Facility,
2012
Food wate/FO(7/manure
75,0(X) wet TPY
Electricity (1300 kWhV
Fenili>er apeman ve
Quasar:., LSAD
[481
Clevcland OH
CNG (34,000 gge/day)
Kuru Bros., Inc, and Solid
2010
40 %biawlids(60 %
90,OW wet'fpY
Electricity (11X0 kWhil
Fenili— alterative
Quaaar s LSAD
[48,50]
W.I. Authority u(Ccntml
food wrostc
Chili (36110 ggeday)
Ohio, Cblmnhui, OH
11-iland Plastic Produ as,
2012
Mao—d d waitc/FOG
42,600 wet TPY
Electricity (1000 kWh)
Fenili= Wtemative
Quasar's LSAD
[48]
Haviland, OH
French Creek W WTP,
2012
50 % biosohdat50 %
42,000 wet TPY
Electricity (1000 kWh]
Ftztilizcr altemarive
Quasar's LSAD
[48,50]
North Ridgeville, OH
food waste
CHP (1 800 ggelday)
Ringler Energy, Asbley, Oil
2013
Mixed orgarics
42,000 wn TPY
Electricity(800 kWh)
Fenilimr alterative
Quasar's LSAD
[481
CNC (550 ggefday)
BiuHin Rcscamh Park,
2010
Mara Yfnrd waste
20,100 wet TPY
CHP (600 MY CNG
Fenilimr altematwe
Quasar's LSAD
[48]
Wooster, OH
(1650 gge/diy)
Woaw(er Watw Pollution
2013
50%hi—lidd5%P«ad
100,000-1 TPY
Clip (750 kWh)
Fcatilm 11—five
Qrmaor's LSAD
[48]
Control Plant.
—te+FOG
Wrwstc5 Oil
Zaneaville Energy,
2012
High solids materials
Planning stage
CLIP (1000 kWhYCNG
Fertilizer alternative
iADs
[481
Zanesville, OH
(1800 eaGdav)
RSCEOC methodology utilized: Evaluated only largest facilities(>90,000 TPY) in study to
compare to ASC at 250,000 TPY. Also, evaluated other facilities of interest brought forth
to the RSCEOC.
Residents for a Safe and Clean Environment Orange County (RSCEOC)
North America
AD Site
Comparisons
AD FACILITY
TONS/YR
SITE
TONS PER
NEAREST
CO LOCATED
OTHER INFORMATION
November 21, 2016)
ACRES
ACRE PER
RESIDENTIAL
WASTEWATER OR TRASH
facility opened. Last news update from 9-1-2016 "Biodigester pauses processing
Lowell Michigan
YEAR
FT.
FACILITY
as it works to stop stench". As of Nov 21, City Council Ordered shutdown of
Proposed Anaheim Sustainability Center
2SU,000
2.2
113,636
1,000
NO
Tons/Yr processed are more than 2X's that of any otherfacility in North America.
Anaheim California
Tons processed per acre: per year are more than 2.8X's that of any other facility in
Proposed', Kompogas Anaerobic Digester
27,500
4.8
5,729
4,300
YES
the study processing 90,000 tons or greater of digestate per year. Additionally,
San Luis Obispo Ca.
not co -located with wastewater facilities or other trash collection facility.
Zero Waste Energy Development Company
90,000
22
4,090
4,028
YES
Sustainability Center needs comparison review. Est. to open 2018. Runway
San lose California
location at nearby county regional airport shows the prevailing wind blows away
Harvest Power Energy Garden
120,000
3
40,000
4,700
YES
9,134' from Disney World Resort Property. Site used to process Disney and other
Orlando Florida
28,000 esl
3.8
7,368
4,232
YES
local waste. M 24/7 automated odor monftodna and odarafume atnmsaherfc
diwersfan modelfna.
Harvest Power
90,000
2.5
36,000
6,300
NO
London Ontario Canada
shows that prevailing wind blows away from nearest residences noted. Estimated
Kurtz Brothers Inc, and Solid Waste Authority of Central
90,000
3.5
25,714
2,180
YES
Columbus Ohio. Located near wastewater treatment plant and tire recycling
Ohio
1.2
45,833
2500
NO
Nearest residences located 2500 feet to the southwest and upwind. Anaerobic
center
Columbus Ohio
Digester embedded within 59 acre Kroger warehouse and distribution center.
Proposed' STAR SioEnergy Louisville KY.
Wooster Water Pollution Control Plant
100,000
3.5
28,571
600
YES
Actually located within 1960's vintage waste water facility several 1960's waste
Wooster Ohio
1
was West Louisville Lives Matter. Two Anaerobic Digesters already supporting the
water tanks were relined for this project. Noted neighborhood has been in place
city are both located at waste water treatment plants.
near waste water treatment plant since the 1970's.
DATA BELOW IS ASSOCIATED TO ANAEROBIC DIGESTER SITES THAT ARE OUTSIDE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO STUDY BUT HAVE BEEN DISCUSSED WITH THE PLANNING
COMMISION OR CITY COUNCIL AT PRIOR MEETINGS
Lowell Light and Power (Shutdown by City Council
28,000
1.5
18,666
350
NO
500 ft. from elementary school. Multiple odor issues continuing for months since
November 21, 2016)
facility opened. Last news update from 9-1-2016 "Biodigester pauses processing
Lowell Michigan
as it works to stop stench". As of Nov 21, City Council Ordered shutdown of
facility that was unable to stop stench. Facility cited 5 times for violating contract
Nov 744. 2016
Proposed', Kompogas Anaerobic Digester
27,500
4.8
5,729
4,300
YES
Located adjacent to Morrow Bay Garbage Services. Awaiting conditional use
San Luis Obispo Ca.
permit approval. Initial Study Summary Environmental Checklist vs. Anaheim
Sustainability Center needs comparison review. Est. to open 2018. Runway
location at nearby county regional airport shows the prevailing wind blows away
from nearest residentences noted.
Proposed', Palo Alto Anaerobic Digester Site
28,000 esl
3.8
7,368
4,232
YES
To be located adjacent to municipal waste water treatment facility on
'undedicated 10 acre site at Byxbee Park'. Runway location at closest airport
shows that prevailing wind blows away from nearest residences noted. Estimated
to be operational 2019
Kroger Foods Anaerobic Digester Compton Ca.
55,000
1.2
45,833
2500
NO
Nearest residences located 2500 feet to the southwest and upwind. Anaerobic
Digester embedded within 59 acre Kroger warehouse and distribution center.
Proposed' STAR SioEnergy Louisville KY.
28,000 es
5.5
5,090300
NO
Project was cancelled due to community objections. Slogan of protesting groups
(Project Cancelled)
1
was West Louisville Lives Matter. Two Anaerobic Digesters already supporting the
city are both located at waste water treatment plants.
Residents for a Safe and Clean Environment Orange County (RSCEOC)
Residents for a Safe and Clean Environment Orange County (RSCEOC)
13
Proposed Anaheim Sustainability Center CASCO
1300 & 1302 N. Lakeview Ave., Anaheim Ca
250,000 TPY processed
2.2 acre site
Residents for a Safe and Clean Environment Orange County (RSCEOC)
14
ci
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IL When Considering an Odor Event, the proposed ASC Facility Location in
Proximity to Nearest Residences is in the Worst Possible Location when
Considering General Wind Direction & Speed in Local Area
Wind Rose Study
6 yrs of Data
Residents for a Safe and Clean Environment Orange County (RSCEOC)
of'q
res, �EEo
.a
..moo vl6nots ••wL"
COA-63.0
Residents for a Safe and Clean Environment Orange County (RSCEOC)
16
Emissions
Primary Gaseous byproducts of AD other than methane are Hydrogen
Sulfide H2S(Rotten Egg Smell) & Ammonia NH3 'PG. 675
Humans are very sensitive to Hydrogen Sulfide odor
Hydrogen Sulfide is heavier than air - it won't dissipate upward into the
air.2
0.00047 ppm or 0.47 ppb is the odor threshold, the point at which
50% of a human panel can detect the presence of an odor without
being able to identify it.3
.2 ppm is ASC applicant's proposed Hydrogen Sulfide scrubbing outlet
H 2 S concentration 1pg.691
1.ASC's July 2016 Mitigated Negative Declaration and Initial Student 2.OSHA H 2 S Fact Sheet 10/2005 3.1owa State University Extension (May 2004). "The Science of
Smell Part 1: Odor perception and physiological response" (PDF). PM 1963a. Retrieved 2012-06-20.
Residents for a Safe and Clean Environment Orange County (RSCEOC)
Applicants odor plan - "The daily
checklist will require personnel to
walk the facility perimeter to check
for objectionable odors" *pg. 681
One of the drawbacks to trusting the senses
(olfactory) for protection against hydrogen
sulfide is that prolonged exposure to the gas
renders the sense of smell inoperative. **
Odor complaint form is available
from applicant. *pg. 704
The total projected annual
emissions exceed the Rule 1304
limits for NOx, VOC, and CO *pg.657
Offsets would be required *pg. 657
*ASC's July 2016 Mitigated Negative Declaration and Initial Study
**Industrial Scientific https://www.indsci.com/products/hydrogen-sulfide/
ODOR COMPAINT FORM
Date: Time: Complaint ID:
Location:
Reported by: Name:
Address:
Phone
Meteorological Conditions (circle correct response):
The Wind is from the (N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW)
Wind speed — (Calm, light (1-5kts), moderate 96-10kts), strong (>10kts)
Cloud cover — ( clear, partly cloudy, cloudy)
Nature or Characteristic of Odor:
Actions Taken in Response:
Name of LEA Representative Contacted:
Date: Time Notified: AM/PM
Inspection Performed by LEA?
Follow -Up To Complainant:
To Other Agencies:
Form Completed by:
Signature: Date:
Residents for a Safe and Clean Environment Orange County (RSCEOC)
San Jose, CA
Zero Waste Energy Dev. Co.
Organics -To -Energy Facility
90,000 TPY processed
22 acre site
47028 ft to nearest home
Adjacent to wastewater facility
Residents for a Safe and Clean E
19
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V�alt Disney
A
Service Lane
Test Track �tl
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Disney 's,Yachlll'l'-'-,, r
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Disney's
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21
Columbus, Ohio
90,000 TPY processed
3.5 acre site
Located near wastewater
treatment plant
21180 ft to nearest
housing development
Heavy Industrial Area
Residents for a Safe and Clean Environment Orange County (RSCEOC)
22
600 ft to nearest home
AD Tanks are re -lined
from old waste water
tanks.
Located within waste-
water facility
Wooster, Ohio
Wooster Water Pollution
Control Plant
100,000 TPY processed
3.5 acre site
Residents for a Safe and Clean Environment Orange County (RSCEOC)
23
0
of God C3tholieChurcli
IVA*,
School
Lowell Middle S,c
14
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,at ha- Street
24
Lowell AD in the Media
2014 - from Plant Operator "Anaerobic digester will generate power
not smells"
8-18-2016 "Lowell residents deal with smelly digester"
8-18-2016 "...sits in the middle of Lowell"
8-22-2016 "Lowell threatens to close stinky waste -to energy plant"
Police chief said, "I wouldn't want to live next to it myself" He said the
smell sometimes spreads for a mile around the plant.
9-6-2016 Residents say, "Smells like roadkill"
9-12-2016 "Biodigester pauses processing as it works to stop stench"
11-21-2016 Plant shutdown by City. Mlive, Ml
http://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/index.ssf/2016/11/lowell_city_council_to_seek_cl.html
Residents for a Safe and Clears Environment Orange County (RSCEOC)
25
4,300 to nearest housing
tract
Located next to trash
facility & wastewater
ponds
Proposed San Luis Obispo, CA
"NEW" Kompogas Anaerobic
Digester
Operations to begin 2018
27,500 TPY proposed
4.8 acre site
Residents for a Safe and Clean Environment Orange County (RSCEOC)
26
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The proposed ASC, at 250,000 TPY processed,
would be the largest organic AD waste processing
facility in North America for tons processed. (within an
extremely limited footprint)
To support this level of processing the ASC will have
to import waste.
To operate the ASC would have to purchase cap and
trade credits to meet air quality requirements.
Residents for a Safe and Clean Environment Orange County (RSCEOC)
Responsible municipalities have chosen to locate AD
facilities significantly away from residential and
educational zones.
In many cases, AD facilities are adjacent to, or
imbedded within trash, waste water, or recycling
facilities.
Municipalities that have built or proposed AD facilities
close to residential and educational zones have
experienced significant public opposition. (West Louisville
KY, Lowell MI)
Residents for a Safe and Clean Environment Orange County (RSCEOC)
We have chosen to quote Tom FitzGerald, a well known
Kentucky environmental attorney and his comments
regarding the cancelled STAR BioEnergy AD facility
project in West Louisville.
" Does this make sense for the community? Does it make
sense for the neighbors? My sense is this is not a good
location for the company because there is a lack of a
buffer."
" It is not a problem with the technology as much in this
case, as much as no technology is error -free, and here,
there is no margin for error."
Residents for a Safe and Clean Environment Orange County (RSCEOC)
RLI
There is not an appropriate buffer zone at the proposed
Orangethorpe/Lakeview ASC site.
Site will have emissions that will not meet the local air quality requirements
without purchasing credits.
Controlling the exact composition of the incoming feedstock is nearly
impossible.
Based upon the information presented it is our contention that the proposed
site at 0rang ethorpe/Lakeview is not an appropriate location for the Waste
to Energy site.
The RSCEOC urges that the planning commission NOT approve a waste to
energy facility conditional use permit, at the noted Orangethorpe/Lakeview
site or at any alternative sites that are too close to residential areas.
Residents for a Safe and Clean Environment Orange County (RSCEOC)
Residents for a Safe and Clean Environment Orange County (RSCEOC)
35
Lowell Anaerobic Digester Video 2.5 minutes
EW 'IGH
--COMPANY HIRED TO FIX 'SMELLY 61001143"TER IN LOWELL
NORTH AMERICA ANAEROBIC DIGESTER FACILITY SITE COMPARISONS FOR FACILITIES PROCESSING => 90,000 TONS PER YEAR
AD FACILITY
TONS/YR
SITE
TONS PER
NEAREST
CO LOCATED
OTHER INFORMATION
November 21, 2016)
ACRES
ACRE PER
RESIDENTIAL
WASTEWATER OR TRASH
facility opened. Last news update from 9-1-2016 "Biodigester pauses processing as
Lowell Michigan
YEAR
FT.
FACILITY
it works to stop stench". As of Nov 21, City Council Ordered shutdown of facility
Proposed Anaheim Sustainabifity Center
250,000
2.2
113,636
1,000
NO
Tons/Yr processed are more than 2X's that of any other facility in North America.
Anaheim California
Tons processed per acre per year are more than 2,8X's that of any other facility in
Proposed', Kompogas Anaerobic Digester
27,500
4.8
5,729
4,300
YES
the study processing 90,000 tons or greater of digestate per year. Additionally,
San Luis Obispo Ca.
not co -located with wastewater facilities or other trash collection facility.
Zero Waste Energy Development Company
90,000
22
4,090
4,028
YES
Sustainability Center needs comparison review. Est. to open 2018. Runway
San Jose California
location at nearby county regional airport shows the prevailing wind blows away
Harvest Power Energy Garden
120,000
3
40,000
4,700
YES
9,134' from Disney World Resort Property. Site used to process Disney and other
Orlando Florida
28,000 esi
3.8
7,368
4,232
YES
local waste. Full 24/7 automated odor monitoring and odarplume atmospheric
dispersion modeling.
Harvest Power
90,000
2.5
36,000
6,300
NO
prevailing wind blows away from nearest residences noted. Estimated to be
London Ontario Canada
operational 2019
Kurtz Brothers Inc. and Solid Waste Authority of Central
90,000
3.5
25,714
2,180
YES
Columbus Ohio. Located near wastewater treatment plant and tire recycling center
Ohio
Digester embedded within 59 acre Kroger warehouse and distribution center.
Columbus Ohio
Input feedstock compisition highly controlled.
Wooster Water Pollution Control Plant
100,000
3.S
28,571
600
YES
Actually located within 1960's vintage waste water facility several 1960's waste
Wooster Ohio
water tanks were relined for this project. Noted neighborhood has been in place
near waste water treatment plant since the 1970's.
DATA BELOW IS ASSOCIATED TO ANAEROBIC DIGESTER SITES THAT ARE OUTSIDE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO STUDY BUT HAVE BEEN DISCUSSED WITH THE PLANNING
COMMISION OR CITY COUNCIL AT PRIOR MEETINGS
Lowell Light and Power (Shutdown by City Council
28,000
1.5
18,666
350
NO
500 ft. from elementary school. Multiple odor issues continuing for months since
November 21, 2016)
facility opened. Last news update from 9-1-2016 "Biodigester pauses processing as
Lowell Michigan
it works to stop stench". As of Nov 21, City Council Ordered shutdown of facility
that was unable to stop stench. Facility cited 5 times for violating contract Nov 7-
14.2016
Proposed', Kompogas Anaerobic Digester
27,500
4.8
5,729
4,300
YES
Located adjacent to Morrow Bay Garbage Services. Awaiting conditional use
San Luis Obispo Ca.
permit approval. Initial Study Summary Environmental Checklist vs. Anaheim
Sustainability Center needs comparison review. Est. to open 2018. Runway
location at nearby county regional airport shows the prevailing wind blows away
from nearest residentences noted.
Proposed', Palo Alto Anaerobic Digester Site
28,000 esi
3.8
7,368
4,232
YES
To be located adjacent to municipal waste water treatment facility on 'undedicated
10 acre site at Byxbee Park'. Runway location at closest airport shows that
prevailing wind blows away from nearest residences noted. Estimated to be
operational 2019
Kroger Foods Anaerobic Digester Compton Ca.
55,000
1.2
45,833
2500
NO
Nearest residences located 2500 feet to the southwest and upwind. Anaerobic
Digester embedded within 59 acre Kroger warehouse and distribution center.
Input feedstock compisition highly controlled.
Proposed' STAR BicEnergy Louisville KY.
28,000 es
5.5
5,090
300
NO
Project was cancelled due to community objections. Slogan of protesting groups
(Project Cancelled)
was West Louisville Lives Matter. Two Anaerobic Digesters already supporting the
city are both located at waste water treatment plants.